HTML (HyperText Markup Language) ek standard markup language hai jo web pages create karne ke liye use hoti hai. Yeh ek flexible aur user-friendly language hai jo developers ko web content design karne ki suvidha deti hai.
XHTML (Extensible HyperText Markup Language), HTML ka ek improved version hai jo XML (Extensible Markup Language) par based hai. Yeh zyada strict rules follow karta hai aur well-formed documents banane ke liye design kiya gaya hai.
HTML aur XHTML ke Beech Key Differences
| Feature | HTML | XHTML |
|---|---|---|
| Syntax | Flexible aur case-insensitive | Strict aur case-sensitive |
| Error Handling | Browsers automatically errors ko ignore ya correct kar lete hain | Errors allowed nahi hote, valid XML document banana zaroori hota hai |
| Tag Case Sensitivity | Uppercase ya lowercase dono chal sakte hain | Sirf lowercase tags allowed hain |
| Self-Closing Tags | <br> aur <img> bina closing ke likh sakte hain |
Self-closing tags likhne ke liye <br /> aur <img /> likhna zaroori hai |
| Attribute Values | Kuch attributes bina quotes ke likhe ja sakte hain, jaise <input type=text> |
Saare attribute values quotes ke andar likhne padte hain, jaise <input type="text" /> |
| Attribute Minimization | Boolean attributes minimized likhe ja sakte hain, jaise <input checked> |
Boolean attributes full likhne padte hain, jaise <input checked="checked" /> |
| DTD (Document Type Definition) | HTML 4.01 ya HTML5 ka DTD use hota hai | XHTML 1.0 ya 1.1 ka DTD define karna padta hai |
| Cross-Browser Compatibility | Most browsers errors ko ignore karke render karte hain | Errors hone par page render nahi hota |
| Use in Modern Web | HTML5 ab modern standard hai | XHTML ka use kam ho gaya hai lekin XML-based applications me use hota hai |
1. Syntax aur Case Sensitivity
HTML case-insensitive hai, iska matlab aap <Title>, <TITLE>, ya <title> likh sakte hain.
XHTML strict hai aur sirf lowercase tags allow karta hai, jaise <title> likhna zaroori hota hai.
Example:
HTML:
<TITLE>My Website</TITLE>XHTML:
<title>My Website</title>2. Error Handling
HTML browsers chhoti-moti errors ko ignore karke page ko render kar dete hain.
XHTML strict hota hai, agar koi error ho toh browser usko render nahi karega.
Example:
Agar HTML mein <img src="image.jpg"> likha hai bina closing tag ke, toh browser ise accept kar lega.
Lekin XHTML mein yeh error dega, aur sahi likhne ke liye:
<img src="image.jpg" />3. Self-Closing Tags
HTML mein self-closing tags bina forward slash (/) ke likhe ja sakte hain, jaise <br>, <img>, etc.
XHTML mein self-closing tags likhne ke liye / lagana zaroori hota hai, jaise <br />, <img />.
Example:
HTML:
<img src="image.jpg">XHTML:
<img src="image.jpg" />4. Attribute Writing Rules
HTML mein kuch attributes bina quotes ke likhe ja sakte hain, jaise:
<input type=text>XHTML mein har attribute ke values double ya single quotes mein likhna mandatory hota hai:
<input type="text" />5. Attribute Minimization
HTML mein boolean attributes minimized likhe ja sakte hain, jaise:
<input checked>XHTML mein boolean attributes ko complete likhna padta hai:
<input checked="checked" />6. Document Type Declaration (DTD)
HTML mein do tarah ke standards hain: HTML 4.01 aur HTML5.
XHTML mein bhi do versions hain: XHTML 1.0 aur XHTML 1.1.
XHTML ke liye proper DTD declare karna zaroori hota hai.
7. Cross-Browser Compatibility
HTML zyada flexible hai aur older browsers bhi ise easily support karte hain.
XHTML strict rules follow karta hai, jo kabhi-kabhi compatibility issues create kar sakta hai.
HTML aur XHTML dono web development ke liye powerful languages hain, lekin XHTML, HTML ke comparison mein zyada strict aur well-structured hai.
HTML zyada flexible aur easy-to-use hota hai, isliye aaj ke zamane mein HTML5 ka use zyada hota hai.
Agar aap ek beginner hain toh HTML sikhna best option hai, lekin agar aap structured aur error-free coding chahte hain toh XHTML ka knowledge bhi helpful ho sakta hai.
Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on HTML And XHTML Difference
Bonus: Practical Application!
Aaj hi apne webpage par HTML aur XHTML ka istemal karke dekhein!
HTML aur XHTML ke beech ke differences ko samajhne ke liye tags jaise <html>, <head>, <body>, aur DOCTYPE ka sahi tareeke se upayog karein aur apne webpage ko standard-compliant banayein