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JavaScript mein Date & Time Kya Hote Hain?

JavaScript mein hum Date aur Time ke saath kaam karne ke liye Date object ka use karte hain. Ye object hume current date-time, specific date set karna, ya date-time ke saath manipulation jaise addition/subtraction karne ki facility deta hai.

Date Object ka Creation (Kaise banaye Date object):

JavaScript mein Date object time aur date se related kaam karne ke liye use hota hai. Iska creation hum new Date() constructor ke through karte hain. Jaise: let today = new Date(); yeh current date aur time ko store karta hai. Aap specific date bhi set kar sakte ho jaise: new Date(“2025-03-31”). Iske alawa, year, month, day, hour, minute, second pass karke bhi date object bana sakte hain: new Date(2025, 2, 31, 10, 30). JavaScript mein month 0 se start hota hai (January = 0). Date object se hum date manipulate aur format kar sakte hain.

1 – New Date() – current date & time :

let today = new Date();
console.log(currentDate);

Explanation: Agar aap new Date() likhte ho bina kisi argument ke, toh JavaScript current system date aur time return karta hai.

2 – new Date(milliseconds):

let dateFromMillis = new Date(1000);
console.log(dateFromMillis);

Explanation: Milliseconds since 1 Jan 1970 (Epoch time). Yahaan 1000 milliseconds ka matlab hai: 1 second after 1970-01-01.

3 – new Date(dateString):

let specificDate = new Date("2025-03-31");
console.log(specificDate);

Explanation: String format mein date dene par JavaScript usse parse karke Date object bana leta hai.

4 – new Date(year, monthIndex, day, hours, minutes, seconds, milliseconds):

let customDate = new Date(2025, 2, 31, 10, 30, 0);
console.log(customDate);

Note: monthIndex 0 se start hota hai (0 = January, 1 = February…)

Common Date Methods (Jo aksar use hote hain):

Get Methods (Date object se data nikalna)

Example:

let now = new Date();
console.log("Year: ", now.getFullYear());
console.log("Month: ", now.getMonth());
console.log("Date: ", now.getDate());
console.log("Day: ", now.getDay());
console.log("Hours: ", now.getHours());
console.log("Minutes: ", now.getMinutes());

Set Methods (Date object mein change karna)

Example:

let d = new Date();
d.setFullYear(2030);
d.setMonth(5);
console.log(d);

Date Comparison & Math:

Date Comparison & Math in JavaScript ka matlab hai date objects ka aapas mein comparison karna aur unke beech calculations perform karna. JavaScript mein Date object use hota hai date aur time handle karne ke liye. Comparison ke liye hum getTime() method ka use karte hain jo date ko milliseconds mein convert karta hai. Isse hum ==, >, < jaise operators se compare kar sakte hain. Math operations jaise ki do dates ke beech ka difference nikalna, days add/subtract karna, ya age calculate karna ismein include hote hain. Ye features time-based logic ke liye bahut useful hote hain.

1. Compare Two Dates:

let d1 = new Date('2025-01-01');
let d2 = new Date('2026-01-01');
if (d1 < d2) {
  console.log("d1 is earlier");
}

2. Add Days to Date:

let date = new Date();
date.setDate(date.getDate() + 10); // 10 din add kiye
console.log(date);

Date Formatting:

JavaScript mein built-in formatting limited hai. Better formatting ke liye hum Intl.DateTimeFormat ya libraries jaise Moment.js use karte hain.

Example with Intl.DateTimeFormat:

let date = new Date();
let formatted = new Intl.DateTimeFormat('en-IN', {
  dateStyle: 'full',
  timeStyle: 'short'
}).format(date);

console.log(formatted);

Useful Date Examples:

1 – Get Today’s Date in DD-MM-YYYY:

let today = new Date();
let dd = today.getDate();
let mm = today.getMonth() + 1;
let yyyy = today.getFullYear();

let formattedDate = `${dd}-${mm}-${yyyy}`;
console.log("Formatted Date: ", formattedDate);

External Library (Moment.js):

Moment.js ek powerful library hai jo date/time ko easily manipulate aur format karne ke liye use hoti hai.

Example:

// CDN load karne ke baad
let now = moment();
console.log(now.format("DD-MM-YYYY hh:mm A"));

Summary:
JavaScript ka Date object powerful hai lekin thoda tricky bhi ho sakta hai.
Aap get aur set methods se date/time ko read aur update kar sakte hain.
Comparison, formatting aur manipulation bhi possible hai.
Advanced features ke liye Moment.js ya Day.js jaise libraries ka use kar sakte ho.

Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on JavaScript Date & Time

 Bonus: Practical Application!

 Aaj hi JavaScript ke Date & Time object ka use karke real-time features banayein!

 JavaScript mein Date object ka upayog karke aap current date, time, day, month, aur year jaise values fetch kar sakte hain. getDate(), getMonth(), getFullYear(), getHours(), getMinutes() jaise methods ka istemal karke apne web project mein date & time ko dynamically dikhayein.