Blog

JavaScript Mein Math Object & Random Numbers Kya Hote Hai ?

Math Object in JavaScript :

JavaScript mein Math object ek built-in object hota hai jo mathematical operations perform karne ke liye use hota hai. Isme kai useful methods aur properties hoti hain jaise Math.round(), Math.floor(), Math.ceil(), Math.random(), Math.max(), Math.min() etc. Ye object kisi bhi number ko round karna, square root nikalna, ya random number generate karna jaise kaam karta hai. Math object ka use karne ke liye ise create karne ki zarurat nahi hoti, directly Math.method() ka use kar sakte hain. Ye object hamesha static hota hai aur globally available hota hai JavaScript mein.

Syntax : 

Math.methodName(arguments)

Math Object ke Important Methods :

1. Math.round()

Math.round() JavaScript ka built-in method hai jo kisi number ko uske nearest integer (poore number) mein round karta hai. Agar decimal part 0.5 ya usse zyada ho, to number next higher integer mein round hota hai. Agar decimal part 0.5 se kam ho, to number lower integer mein round hota hai. Ye method floating-point numbers ko asaani se round karne ke liye use kiya jata hai. Syntax hota hai: Math.round(number), jahan number ko round kiya jata hai.

Math.round(4.6); // 5
Math.round(4.4); // 4

2. Math.floor()

Math.floor() (JavaScript) ek built-in JavaScript method hai jo kisi number ko neeche ki taraf round karta hai, yaani ki sabse kareeb chhoti integer value return karta hai. Agar aap decimal number doge, toh yeh method decimal part hata ke sirf integer value dega. Example ke liye, Math.floor(4.9) ka output 4 hoga. Negative numbers ke case mein bhi yeh neeche round karta hai, jaise Math.floor(-4.1) ka result -5 hoga.

Math.floor(4.9); // 4
Math.floor(4.2); // 4

3. Math.ceil()

JavaScript mein Math.ceil() ek built-in method hai jo kisi bhi number ko uske sabse nearest greater integer mein round karta hai. Iska matlab hai agar aapke paas decimal number hai, jaise 4.2, toh Math.ceil(4.2) ka result hoga 5. Yeh hamesha upar ke integer tak round karta hai, chahe decimal kitna bhi chhota ho. Negative numbers ke case mein bhi yeh logically upar round karta hai. Yeh method mainly rounding ke liye use hota hai.

Math.ceil(4.1); // 5
Math.ceil(4.9); // 5

4. Math.trunc()

Math.trunc() JavaScript ka ek built-in method hai jo kisi number ka sirf integer part return karta hai, bina uske decimal part ko round kiye. Ye method decimal ke baad ke sabhi digits ko hata deta hai. Jaise Math.trunc(4.9) return karega 4, aur Math.trunc(-4.9) return karega -4. Iska use tab hota hai jab aapko sirf whole number chahiye bina kisi rounding ke. Ye method Math.floor() aur Math.ceil() se alag hota hai.

Math.trunc(4.9); // 4
Math.trunc(-4.9); // -4

5. Math.abs()

“Math.abs()” JavaScript ka ek built-in method hai jo kisi bhi number ka absolute value return karta hai. Iska matlab hai ki yeh number ko positive bana deta hai, chahe wo negative ho ya already positive. Jaise Math.abs(-7) ka result hoga 7, aur Math.abs(7) bhi 7 hi dega. Yeh method kabhi bhi negative value return nahi karta. Iska use tab hota hai jab hume sirf number ki magnitude chahiye, bina uske sign ke. Syntax hai: Math.abs(number).

Math.abs(-7); // 7
Math.abs(7); // 7

6. Math.pow(x, y) : 

Math.pow(x, y) JavaScript mein ek built-in method hai jo kisi number x ka power y return karta hai. Iska matlab hai x ko y baar multiply karna. Example ke liye, Math.pow(2, 3) ka result hoga 8, kyunki 2×2×2 = 8. Ye method exponentiation ke liye use hoti hai, jahan x base hota hai aur y exponent. Ye numerical calculations aur mathematical operations mein kaafi useful hoti hai, especially jab kisi number ka power calculate karna ho.

Math.pow(2, 3); // 8

7. Math.sqrt(x)

Math.sqrt(x) JavaScript ka ek built-in method hai jo kisi bhi number x ka square root return karta hai. Agar aap Math.sqrt(25) likhenge, to output hoga 5, kyunki 5 ka square 25 hota hai. Yeh method sirf positive numbers ke liye valid hoti hai. Agar aap negative number denge, to yeh NaN (Not a Number) return karega. Iska use mathematical calculations mein bahut common hai, jaise area, geometry ya physics related formulas mein.

Math.sqrt(25); // 5
Math.sqrt(49); // 7

8. Math.max() & Math.min()

Math.max() aur Math.min() JavaScript mein built-in functions hain jo numbers ke beech maximum ya minimum value find karne ke kaam aate hain. Math.max() sabse badi value return karta hai, jabki Math.min() sabse chhoti. Inhe multiple numbers ke sath use kiya ja sakta hai jaise Math.max(4, 7, 1) jo 7 return karega. Agar koi argument NaN ho toh result bhi NaN aayega. Ye functions numerical comparisons ke liye kaafi useful hote hain.

Math.max(5, 10, 15); // 15
Math.min(5, 10, 15); // 5

9. Math.PI

JavaScript mein Math.PI ek predefined property hai jo π (pi) ka exact value deti hai, jo approximately 3.14159 hota hai. Iska use mainly geometry ya trigonometry related calculations mein hota hai, jaise ki circle ka area ya circumference nikalne ke liye. Math ek built-in object hai JavaScript mein, jisme PI ek constant hai. Aap isse directly use kar sakte ho without creating any object, jaise: Math.PI. Ye read-only hoti hai, isse change nahi kiya ja sakta.

console.log(Math.PI); // 3.141592653589793

10. Math.log(x)

Math.log(x) JavaScript ka built-in function hai jo kisi bhi number x ka natural logarithm return karta hai. Natural logarithm ka matlab hota hai base e (approximately 2.718) ka logarithm. Agar aap Math.log(1) likhenge, to output hoga 0, kyunki e^0 = 1. Yeh function sirf positive numbers ke liye kaam karta hai. Agar aap zero ya negative number pass karte hain, to result NaN ya -Infinity aata hai. Scientific aur financial calculations mein yeh bahut useful hota hai.

Math.log(1); // 0

Random Numbers in JavaScript :

JavaScript mein random number generate karne ke liye hum Math.random() method ka use karte hain.
Ye method 0 se lekar 1 ke beech (exclusive) random floating-point number return karta hai.

Syntax:

Math.random();

Example Output:

0.234343
0.988232
0.000123

Note: Kabhi bhi 1 nahi aata, 0 inclusive hota hai but 1 exclusive.

How to Get Random Integer :

JavaScript mein random integer paane ke liye hum Math.random() function ka use karte hain, jo 0 se 1 ke beech ek random decimal number deta hai. Uske baad hum us number ko multiply karte hain kisi range ke upper limit se aur Math.floor() ka use karke usse round down kar lete hain. Example: Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) 0 se 9 tak random integer dega. Is tarike se aap kisi bhi range ka random integer generate kar sakte ho.

0 to 9 ke beech Random Number:

Math.floor(Math.random() * 10);

1 to 10 ke beech Random Number:

Math.floor(Math.random() * 10) + 1;

Custom Range (Min to Max):

function getRandomInt(min, max) {
return Math.floor(Math.random() * (max – min + 1)) + min;
}

Example:

getRandomInt(5, 15); // Output: koi bhi number 5 se 15 ke beech

Real Life Use Cases of Math.random():

1. Games mein random values banana (jaise dice roll)

2. OTP ya Token generate karna

3. Random quiz questions select karna

4. Animations mein randomness add karna

Conclusion :

• Math ek built-in object hai jo aapko mathematical functions provide karta hai.

• Iske andar rounding, power, root, max/min, constants jaise tools hote hain.

• Math.random() ke through aap random numbers generate kar sakte ho — chahe wo decimal ho ya integer range ke beech.

• JavaScript ke Math object se aap powerful logic build kar sakte ho gaming, finance, stats aur randomness ke kaam mein.

Quiz: Test Your Knowledge on JavaScript Math Object & Random Numbers

Bonus: Practical Application!

Aaj hi JavaScript ke Math object aur Random numbers ka istemal karke apna coding skill test karein!

JavaScript ke Math object ka sahi tareeke se upayog karne ke liye Math.round(), Math.floor(), Math.ceil(), Math.max(), Math.min(), Math.random() jaise functions ka practice karein. Random numbers ka istemal aap games, OTP generators, aur animations jaise features mein kar sakte hain.