Template Literals Kya Hote Hai?

Template Literals ka Introduction

Template literals (jise template strings bhi kehte hain) JavaScript (ES6) ka ek feature hai jo strings likhne ka ek behtar tarika provide karta hai. Yeh normal single ('') ya double ("") quotes ki jagah backticks (``) ka use karte hain.

Inka sabse bada fayda hai ki aap aasaani se multi-line strings bana sakte hain aur string interpolation (variables/expressions ko embed karna) kar sakte hain.

Features of Template Literals

1. Multi-line Strings

Template literals ke saath, aapko multi-line strings banane ke liye \n ya string concatenation (+) ki zaroorat nahi padti. Aap jaise likhenge, string waisa hi format legi.

// Purana tarika
var oldString = "Hello\n" + "World!";

// Naya tarika
let newString = `Hello
World!`;

console.log(newString);
/* Output:
Hello
World!
*/

2. String Interpolation (Expression Embedding)

Yeh template literals ka sabse powerful feature hai. Aap ${...} syntax ka use karke string ke andar direct variables ya expressions daal sakte hain.

let name = "Sandeep";
let age = 25;

let greeting = `Hello, my name is ${name} and I am ${age} years old.`;
console.log(greeting); // Output: Hello, my name is Sandeep and I am 25 years old.

3. Expression Evaluation

Aap ${...} ke andar sirf variables hi nahi, balki koi bhi valid JavaScript expression (jaise arithmetic operations ya function calls) likh sakte hain.

let a = 10;
let b = 20;
console.log(`The sum is ${a + b}.`); // Output: The sum is 30.

function getGreeting() {
    return "Good Morning";
}
console.log(`He said, "${getGreeting()}"`); // Output: He said, "Good Morning"